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Periodontal disease affects the supporting structures of the teeth, the gingivae, the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. In addition, the intimate anatomical relationship between the cementum covering the root of the tooth and the periodontal ligament accounts for the cementum being included as a supporting structure and therefore being affected by periodontal disease.
Bacteria in the mouth infect tissue surrounding the tooth, causing inflammation around the tooth leading to periodontal disease. When bacteria stay on the teeth long enough, they form a film called plaque, which eventually hardens to tartar, also called calculus. Tartar build-up can spread below the gum line, which makes the teeth harder to clean. Then, only a dental health professional can remove the tartar and stop the periodontal disease process.
Certain factors may elevate your risk for developing periodontal disease. Some of them include:
- Age (over 35)
- Poor dental hygiene
- Fillings or crowns which have an overhanging edge at their cervical margin.
- Filling or crowns with loose contact points.
- Stress
- Heredity
- Hormonal changes
- The use of medications that cause dry mouth
- Tobacco use
- Health conditions that affect the immune system
The signs you may be dealing with periodontal disease include:
- Bleeding gums
- Persistent of bad breath
- Red, swollen, tender gums
- Gum recession
- Tooth sensitivity from exposed roots
The diagnosis of periodontal disease is based on the medical history, appearance and recession of gums, depth of gingival pockets, amount of bone loss, tooth mobility and the distribution of plaque.
It’s relatively easy to prevent gum disease with good dental hygiene habits at home. Brush your teeth for two minutes, twice a day, floss daily, and visit your dentist twice each year for preventive attention. Quitting tobacco and maintaining a balanced, nutritious diet will also help you to enjoy good gum health for years to come.
If you or someone in your family is suffering from the symptoms of gum disease, please do not hesitate to call us today to schedule an appointment with one of our dentists.